An Analysis of Tesss Tragedy in Tess of the DUrbervilles开题报告

 2022-07-13 15:38:01

1. 研究目的与意义

As we all know Thomas Hardy made great achievement in both novels and poetry. He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian era. He described the tragic plots vividly and truthfully in his works. He was considered as #8220;Shakespeare of British novels#8221;. He put forward his valuable views on tragedy creation and the relation between literature and reality. Hardy''s literary ideas are a major part of his literary legacy. Hardy#8217;s works will offer us great inspiration and help in learning and researching British literature.

Thomas Hardy was a great realistic writer. His novels of character and environment, the representative of which is Tess of d#8217;Urbervilles, reflect conflicts between human and nature, human and social environment. Tess of d#8217;Urbervilles is one of the great works by Thomas Hardy. It is a great tragedy. Everything happening has its causes. Tess#8217;s tragic life is a result of the conflict between character and environment. This thesis aims to excavate the tragic origins by analyzing the story in the context of the Victorian era. A part of Tess#8217;s tragic life lies in the local folkways, different family status, hard life for peasants and unequal status of men and women. Compared with the direct murderer Alec d''Urbervilles and the accessory Angel Clare, Tess is a naive, pure girl. What#8217;s more, her parents#8217; vanity and greed should take the blame for Tess#8217;s tragedy. This thesis will focus on Tess#8217;s characteristics, Tess#8217;s navety, Tess#8217;s compromise and Tess#8217;s weakness for further analysis. Tragedy is culmination of unfortunate acts occurring to a good and deserving person such as the case with Tess d#8217;Urbeyfield. In Tess of d#8217;Urbervilles,Tess is described as an individual who is rendered defenseless against fate. She is a girl with a keen sense of pride, duty and generosity and should be praised for her bravery.

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2. 研究内容和预期目标

In context of the life of Thomas Hardy and the social circumstances in the Victorian era, the thesis will make a brief introduction to Tess and the other two main characters Alec d'Urbervilles and Angel Clare. In the meantime, the thesis will explain her tragedy by analyzing Hardy's fatalism.

As we all know Tess of the d''Urbervilles is one of the most famous novels by Thomas Hardy. The thesis will frist make a brief introduction to Thomas Hardy and Tess of the

d'Urbervilles, including the social background of the Victorian era and Hardy's fatalism and its reflection in the work. Then the thesis will pay attention to the causes of the tragedy of Tess, including social causes and characters' personality. Tess's tragic life is a result of the conflict between character and environment. The thesis will explore the external and internal causes for Tess's tragedy, especially Tess's shortcomings and weakness in character. In addition, Hardy#8217;s fatalism is an indispensible factor for Tess#8217;s tragic life. Thomas Hardy lived in a period of time from capitalism to imperialism after a period of a prosperous economy which also deepened the plight of poor people at lower levels, especially in the nineteenth century. Thomas Hardy witnessed the invasion of capitalist farmers in rural areas and he depicted in his works the disaster it had brought to rural areas and the plight of the farmers with sympathy. But due to Hardy's social limitations of the era, even though he would like to find a way to solve these problems, he ultimately failed. His ideas also experienced a complex process of change. The series of ideological changes did not enable him to find a good way to solve social problems, which led to Hardy#8217;s eventually becoming a pessimist. Of all his works, he himself divided them into three groups, that is, Romances and Fantasies, Novels of Ingenuity, and most importantly, Novels of Character and Environment in which he depicted his changing philosophy that Character is determined by Environment and therefore destiny in a certain environment is irreversible. Most of his well-known works belongs to the last group, such as The Return of Nature, Jude the Obscure and. In Tess of the D#8217;Urbervilles there are varying degrees of expression of his fatalism.

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3. 国内外研究现状

As Hardy#8217;s literary works are regarded as classics, much research has been done both in China and abroad. Tess of the

d#8217;Urbervilles has attracted much attention since its publication in 1891, and critics have made numerous interpretations using different theories. As for the origin of Tess#8217;s tragedy, some critics attribute the cause to herpersonality, some think it is the double standards of morality in the Victorian age that cause her tragedy, and others attribute Tess#8217;s tragedy to the dominating male chauvinism and paternalism. All of these studies and researches have revealed the origin of Tess#8217;s tragedy to some extent.

In 2008, Song Jing published the article which pointed that any tragedy is not isolated or occasional, but resulted from interactions among lots of factors. Tess#8217;s tragedy is not an exception. This article explores human factors such as Tess#8217;s personality, Alec, Angel and her parents to reveal the inevitability of Tess#8217;s fate.

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4. 计划与进度安排

1. before 2022-11-30 --completing topic selection

2. before 2022-1-18 --completing the thesis proposal

3. before 2022-4-10 --completingthe first draft

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5. 参考文献

[1]Casagrade, Peter. Tess of the d#8217;Urbervilles Unorgyodox Beatuy[M]. New York: Twayne Publisher, 1992.

[2]Fernando, Lloyd. #8220;New Women#8221; in the Late Victorian Novel[M]. The Pennsylvaina State University Press, 1997.

[3]Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D′Urbervilles[M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1992.

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