1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）
INTRODUCTION: The topic that I will be working on is mainly to design an Electrohydrodynamic 3D printers Nozzle and make sure it will useful in practical life. Now-a-days 3D printers are developing day by day. Electrohydrodynamic 3D printer has had a significant impact to develop modern science. Electrohydrodynamic printer mainly use in micro and nano-technology. Electrohydrodynamic jet printing is a high resolution printing technology where the printed liquid is driven by an electric field. Exposure to an electric field causes mobile ions in a polarizable liquid to accumulate at the liquid surface. The coulombic repulsion of the ions causes the meniscus at the nozzle end to deform into a conical shape, called a Taylor cone. When the electric field exceeds a critical limit, the stress from the surface charge repulsion at the cone apex exceeds the surface tension and a droplet of fluid is emitted towards the grounded substrate. Figure 1 shows the setup used for e-jetting. The keys to high-resolution droplet printing are to use electric field potentials below those required for atomization mode, or spray mode, as well as the use of small micropipette nozzles with diameters less than 10 μm. Deposited droplets can be as small as 240 nm with spatial accuracy in the hundreds of nm.Figure 1: electrodynamic 3D printers nozzleOur main focus will be design a Nozzle of electrohydrodynamic 3D printer.Research literature reviewThere are plenty of research and literature of this topic. The best way to improve of this project need to review them as much as I can. I concern that obtain these formulations and ideas will help me finish my project. So I would like to show you few Researches and literatures work here.Pikul research group from University of Pennsylvania In this project, e-jet printing was used to deposit 227 μm diameter droplets of molten polyethylene onto microcantilever sensors. This was the first demonstration of direct e-jet printing of molten polymer. The polymer droplets were deposited as single droplets or organized patterns, with sub-μm control over droplet diameter and position. The droplet size could be controlled through a pulse-modulated source voltage, while droplet position was controlled using a positioning stage. The electrohydrodynamic method is a precise way to deposit multiple materials onto micromechanical sensors with greater resolution and repeatability than current methods.Figure2: Several tipless microcantilevers with printed patterns of polyethylene that demonstrate the ability to control the diameter and position of droplets deposited onto microcantilevers.Besides that one of the other hand another research team of university of California work on E-jet printing for integrating hydrogels into MEMS sensors This project used e-jet printing to integrate hydrogels onto fully suspended MEMS resonant sensor. The sensors were used to measure elastic and viscous properties of nanogram-scalesamples of poly ethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels (MW 575 g mol1). The hydrogel mechanical properties were then modeled and used to measure the long-term mass and mechanical properties of growing cells.Figure 4: (a) Schematic of the electrohydrodynamic jet printing setup. (b) Confocal image of the PEGDA structure on a sensor coated with poly-L-lysine. (c) Differential interference contrast image of PEGDA on a sensor. (d) Hydrogel volume reconstruction using Amira overlaid on SEM image of sensor. Research design and planning The main focus of my topic is design an electrohydrodynamic 3D printers nozzle which can print micro nano particles and make the printed surface accurate and roughness less as much as possible.Firstly, we will know about 3D printers nozzle then we will try to realize the impact of nozzle of an electrohydrodynamic 3D printers. Secondly, we will collect data (dimensions, metal resistance) before design began. During design we have to focus some important points. Thats given below*it should be easily installed. *should be easily replace. *and also we will divided in some parts , if we divided in some parts if we want to change to develop we can easily change one part not need to change full nozzle. *we have to take care nozzles metal and other materials should be inert substance. If it react with the printing liquid the nozzle could be blocked easily. After design we will use simulation to understand the nozzle efficiency. *We can use solid-works for 3D design the nozzle. And for simulation we can use comsol.References 1.Elise A. Corbin, Larry J. Millet, James H. Pikul, Curtis L. Johnson, John G. Georgiadis, William P. King Micromechanical properties of hydrogels measured with MEMS resonant sensors, Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 15, pp. 311 319, 2013. 2. James H. Pikul, Phillip Graf, Sandipan Mishra, Kira Barton, Yong-Kwan Kim, John A. Rogers, Andrew Alleyne, Placid M. Ferreira, and William P. King, High precision electrohydrodynamic printing of polymer onto microcantilever sensors, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, pp. 2246 2253, 2011. 3.V. Subbotin, A. N. Semenov, Proc. R. Soc. A 2015, 0290. 4. Y. Han, J. Dong, Proc. Manuf. 2017,10, 845. 5. P. Galliker, J. Schneider, H. Eghlidi, S. Kress, V. Sandoghdar, D. Poulikakos, Nat. Commun. 2012,3, 890.
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
Research design and planning The main focus of my topic is design an electrohydrodynamic 3D printers nozzle which can print micro nano particles and make the printed surface accurate and roughness less as much as possible.Firstly, we will know about 3D printers nozzle then we will try to realize the impact of nozzle of an electrohydrodynamic 3D printers. Secondly, we will collect data (dimensions, metal resistance) before design began. During design we have to focus some important points. Thats given below*it should be easily installed. *should be easily replace. *and also we will divided in some parts , if we divided in some parts if we want to change to develop we can easily change one part not need to change full nozzle. *we have to take care nozzles metal and other materials should be inert substance. If it react with the printing liquid the nozzle could be blocked easily. After design we will use simulation to understand the nozzle efficiency. *We can use solid-works for 3D design the nozzle. And for simulation we can use comsol.
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