The Philosophy of Life in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea开题报告

 2022-07-13 15:25:28

1. 研究目的与意义

(1) Purpose of the research: Ernest Hemingway is one of the most famous and influential American writers and he created many amazing heroes in his works. What#8217;s more, The Old Man and The Sea is the most famous work, the novel describes that a Cuban fisherman Santiago became the typical tough guy image to keep the strength and the elegant under tremendous stress. The hero reflects the rich philosophy of life and it is necessary for us to learn about the meaning of life. (2) Significance of the research: Although 84 days at sea, Santiago had not caught a fish, but he was not in despair, sad or discourage, he still adhered to sea alone, and ultimately captured a big marlin. In the end, he fights with a shark that attempted to eat the marlin hanging on the hook. The plot of the story, as well as the harsh marine environment, reflects Hemingway''s philosophy of life: the meaning of life lies not in success and failure, but also at the struggle itself. Nowadays, the society we live in is filled with various fierce competitions and even many difficult situations that we need to deal with. When facing with social pressure and the tragic fate, people should have the courage, fighting spirit and love to cherish life. Since life could not always be smooth, we are supposed to learn from the hero Santiago, we need to hold a positive attitude and great expect towards our life all the time.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

(1) The major contents of the research: It is an exciting but tragic adventure story. We can learn about the philosophy meaning of life from different views such as the comments from the critics and some opinions on the author. By investigating the deep meaning of the story, we study the unconquerable spirit of man, a creature capable of snatching spiritual victory from circumstances of disaster and material defeat. We can even learn the parable of religious significance, its theme supported by the writer''s unobtrusive handling of Christian symbols and metaphors. Like Coleridge''s Ancient Mariner, Hemingway''s Cuban fisherman is a character allowing the imagination of his creator to operate simultaneously in two different worlds of meaning and value, the one real and dramatic. (2)Outline: Introduction 1.The main information concerned with the novel 1.1The experience and the literary career of Hemingway 1.2The work style of Ernest Hemingway 1.3The background of the novel 1.4The analysis of the novel 2.The analysis of main characters in the novel 2.1The sea 2.2The hero-Santiago 2.3The little boy 2.4The other items 3.The philosophy of life reflected in the novel 3.1From the angle of the old man 3.1.1 The attitude to the little boy 3.1.2 The spirit of the old man 3.2The angle of the settings of the novel 3.2.1 The fight between the old man and the marlins 3.2.2 The fight between the old man and the sharks 3.2.3 The victory and the failure of the old man 3.3The angle of the symbols of the novel 3.3.1 The old man and the sea 3.3.2 The marlins 3.3.3 The sharks Conclusion

3. 国内外研究现状

(1) 与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 The hero of the story, is not only the representative of 'tough guy' but also the development and sublimation of this image. The novel is about a fishing story of an old Cuban man Santiago. It is not until the 85 days#8217; continuous fishing that the hero catches a big marlin which is twice lager than his boat. The fish is so large that he should have spent 3 days dragging along his small boat until it dies. The old man puts the bleeding fish in the stern, resulting in shark attack. After several life-and-death struggles he finally reaches port, but he finds noting left but a huge white skeleton. The story is pithy and succeeds in shaping a tough guy image of perseverance, self-assurance, optimism and tragedy. (2) 与选题相关的国外研究概况 The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingway''s literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novel was initially received with much popularity; it restored many readers'' confidence in Hemingway''s capability as an author. Its publisher, Scribner''s, on an early dust jacket, called the novel a 'new classic,' and many critics favorably compared it with such works as William Faulkner''s The Bear and Herman Melville''s Moby-Dick.Ernest Hemingway and Henry ('Mike') Strater with the remaining 500 lbs of an estimated 1000 lb marlin that was half-eaten by sharks before it could be landed in the Bahamas in 1935. See Pilar for details of this episode. Gregorio Fuentes,who many critics believe was an inspiration for Santiago, was a blue-eyed man born on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. Joseph Waldmeir''s essay 'Confiteor Hominem: Ernest Hemingway''s Religion of Man' is a favorable critical reading of the novel-and one which has defined analytical considerations since. Perhaps the most memorable claim is Waldmeir''s answer to the question-What is the book''s message? The answer assumes a third level on which The Old Man and the Sea must be read-as a sort of allegorical commentary on all his previous work, by means of which it may be established that the religious overtones of The Old Man and the Sea are not peculiar to that book among Hemingway''s works, and that Hemingway has finally taken the decisive step in elevating what might be called his philosophy of Manhood to the level of a religion. Some critics suggest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea in reaction against the overtly negative criticism he received for Across the River and the Trees. (3)与选题相关的国内研究概况 Readers and critics are more concerned about the works exhibited tough guy image, nihilism, tragedy consciousness and iceberg theory, research more abundant. Since the new century, Old Man is still academic research center. Research Perspective.It focused on several aspects of ecological criticism, art forms, gender roles, etc., while the iceberg theory, tough-guy image, symbolic function, and other aspects of the tragic implication of research have surpassed both repeat, so harvest and shortcomings exist.

4. 计划与进度安排

(1)研究内容It is an exciting but tragic adventure story. We can learn about the philosophy meaning of life from different views such as the comments from the critics and some opinions on the author.By investigating the deep meaning of the story,we study the unconquerable spirit of man, a creature capable of snatching spiritual victory from circumstances of disaster and material defeat. We can even learn the parable of religious significance, its theme supported by the writer''s unobtrusive handling of Christian symbols and metaphors. Like Coleridge''s Ancient Mariner, Hemingway''s Cuban fisherman is a character allowing the imagination of his creator to operate simultaneously in two different worlds of meaning and value, the one real and dramatic . (2) 研究方法 By the way of literature research, reading literature and related research monographs, collating and summarizing them to provide a theoretical basis for the elaborate article.Firstly,read a great number of the concerned newspapers and magazines and make recordings and analysis;secondly,search the information that connected with the subject on the Internet and edit the data;thirdly,take advantage of the database in the library and search the concerned articles. (3) 便利指数 The school provide convenient conditions for the search ,the library and the computer room is good for our investigation. (4)研究中可能遇到的困难 It is necessary to get lots of information from the foreign documents and literature,but the latest material cannot be gained in time. (5) 预期的研究结果 Through in-depth study of the meaning of the novel, learn further understanding of inspiration and do more creations. (6)所做研究内容的创新之处 Combine the different roles in the novel and analyze the character of every person,especially the hero Santiago,to better highlight the character of him.

5. 参考文献

Ernest. Hemingway, (1997). The Old Man and the Sea. Shanghai: Foreign Literature Press. Hu. Tiesheng, (1994). Elegant Demeanor under Heavy Pressure. Shanghai: Foreign Literature Press. Cao, J. M. [曹济民]. (1996). 试论硬汉子桑地亚哥. 韶通师专学报, 18(1), 23-26. Chen, C. [陈惇]. (2002). 外国文学名著精解. 中央广播电视大学出版社. CS. BurhansJr, (1960). The Old Man and the Sea: Hemingway''s Tragic Vision of Man. American Literature, 1960. B. Sylvester, (1966). Hemingway''s Extended Vision: The Old Man and the Sea. Publications of the Modern Language Association of. EA. Chiocca, (1960). Being old is no fun: treatment of glioblastomamultiforme in the elderly. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. Y. Xie, (2009). Hemingway''s Language Style and Writing Techniques in The Old Man and the Sea. English Language Teaching.

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