A Study of Pragmatic Vagueness in Business Negotiation开题报告

 2022-08-10 15:07:07

1. 研究目的与意义

Vagueness is a universal phenomenon. It is a very important belief that good usage of language involves clarity and precision. Although people always strive to avoid vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision and generality, vague expressions exist widely in interpersonal communication. Daitz points out that there could be no effective communication without vagueness. Schaff also believes that communication requires vague expressions. In the field of business, people just take it for granted that the deliberate use of vague language is not encouraged in business conversation. In fact, in many situations, exact wording is not the sole means of communication that is used in business negotiations, precision is not necessarily extreme clarity. It may also involve selecting the appropriate level of vagueness or flexibility. In the practice of international business negotiation, exactitude and completion are achieved by selecting both accurate and vague expressions together with the vague words often playing an important role. For example, when parties discuss rights and obligations, they always try to be more precise in order to avoid flaws or loopholes. However, under certain situations vague language could help to achieve a better effect by using fewer words which can convey more information.

In China, English learners haven#8217;t paid enough attention to vague language. They give much regard to precision in written and spoken English. Since Zadeh proposed Fuzzy Set Theory, vagueness has gained much attention in both China and abroad. The result is that many scholars and linguists have begun to study and investigate vague phenomena. In the past, most research put emphasis on the written form from a semantic perspective, not from a dynamic perspective of conversation. Wu Tieping, who is considered to be the first person introduced to fuzzy linguistics in China, mainly focuses his work on the semantics of vague language. Much research is done concerning general data and not specific ones. Thus, investigation of vague language in international business negotiation is limited.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

1. What specific contexts and psychological motivations call for the use of vague language in international business negotiation?

2. In order to adapt to certain contexts and psychological motivations in international business negotiation, how can the vagueness be explained by Cooperative Principle?

3. What pragmatic effectiveness is achieved by applying vague languages in international business negotiation?

3. 国内外研究现状

Deese (1974)thinks that vagueness is not a concept that applies to language, but compared to the ideas that language expresses. Obviously it is difficult to separate out language from the ideas it expresses, but that seems that claiming that it is the ideas that vague rather than language is another way of attempting to make the analysis of language less complicated, by shifting the problem away from linguistics to psychology. The structure of the ideas is vague in no way precludes that the language system still incorporating vagueness.

Pierce#8217;s definition of vagueness is considered to be the most forceful and admirably clear definition. Without having decided whether certain facts are #8220;excluded or allowed by#8221; them heholds that the language system permits speakers to produce utterances. The vagueness of this term is shown through producing borderline cases. Thus when we say word#8217;s vagueness is usually indicated, more or less to say it explicitly, by some statement that situations are conceivable, in which nobody would know how to use it, in which its application is doubtful or ill defined, or in which it is impossible either to deny or assert its application.

Ullmann definite vagueness as four factors: Generic character of words, for example the term bird, meaning is never homogeneous; lack of clear-cut boundaries in the non-linguistic world, lack of familiarity with what the words stand for. And according to Grice, speakers are expected to obey a Cooperative Principle, and Maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner.

剩余内容已隐藏，您需要先支付后才能查看该篇文章全部内容！

4. 计划与进度安排

Outline

Chapter 1Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

剩余内容已隐藏，您需要先支付后才能查看该篇文章全部内容！

5. 参考文献

[1] Channell, J. Vague Language[M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Education Press, 2000.

[2]Zhang Qiao.#8220;Fuzziness-vagueness-generality-ambiguity#8221;[J]. Journal of Pragmatics, 1998(29).

[3] Schaffner, Christina. Hedges in Political Text: A Translational Perspective[A]. In Hickey, Leo.(ed). The Pragmatics of Translation [C]. Multilingual Matters Ltd, 1998.

剩余内容已隐藏，您需要先支付 10元 才能查看该篇文章全部内容！立即支付

以上是毕业论文开题报告，课题毕业论文、任务书、外文翻译、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。

您可能感兴趣的文章