Orwells Anti-totalitarianism in Animal Farm开题报告

 2022-07-13 15:20:15

1. 研究目的与意义

Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a political novel to expresses the author''s intense anger at the authorities who monopolized revolutionary fruits and his deep sympathy for the public who had lost their discourse right. Animal Farm reflects Orwell#8217;s ideal political conception of the society, which have been becoming a heated debate all around the world since the publication of the novel. It is until now that the studies on Orwell#8217;s works, especially Animal Farm have developed in a larger scale. However, some certain problems still exists in those present studies. Experts and researchers lack of comprehensive understanding about the novel. In other words, they only tend to illustrate the themes of the novel instead of being related to the social and personal backgrounds of Orwell. As a matter of fact, the ideas in the works of Orwell have relatively close relations to the life experiences of him. What#8217;s more, there are fewer studies on Orwell#8217;s works than the contemporary writers, although his acute conception on politics of Orwell is prophetic and make our temporary political leaders, government officials and ordinary civilians alert to stay in a state of democratic, free and humanitarian. Animal Farm, one of the most significant works of Orwell, is an anti-totalitarian novel. In this novel, pigs living in the animal farm succeeded in defeat people to form a democratic world at first. In the early stage of the new regime, everything went well. However, some kinds of animals enjoy more privileges which are beyond the laws after the consolidation of the regime. The whole animal went back to a world of hierarchy, which contains the first class, the middle class and the lower class. In this novel, Orwell is ironically critical of the totalitarian society and the people blinded by greed. Animal Farm tells a story that one day the animals overthrow the farmer Mr. Jones, and found their own regime, called 'Animal Farm#8221;. They adopt Seven Commandments of Animalism, of which the most important is 'All animals are equal#8221;. Pigs are the leaders of the operation of the newly start-up farm. Thanks to the right lead of the pigs and selfless and hardworking of all animals, the Animal Farm develops good enough to their demands. However, the leaders separate into two factions soon after. As a result, Snowball is expelled by Napoleon as a betrayer. Although many animals remember that Snowball is a brave leader, they firmly believe they were wrong and Snowball is a bad animal indeed after brainwashing Napoleon offered. What#8217;s more, the Seven Commandments of Animalism had also been changed. Finally, the Animal Farm becomes quite different from what they hope it to be at the beginning. Animals won the revolution because of their power of faith. They were faithful in and then succeeded in building up a democratic regime. However, after the regime became more solid, the leader of the regime got extra rights by modifying the laws and the animal farm became a failure. Although this novel has always been misread as anti-communism wherever at home or abroad in the special times, especially in the period of Cold War. A great number of researchers view it as an insinuation of the communist countries, especially the Soviet Union led by Stalin. But as this kind of thinking is against the initial ideas of the author. Instead, the novel reflects the author#8217;s intense anger and irony to the totalitarianism existed in today#8217;s society, even if the superficial forms of the regime are different in distinctive tyrannical societies. Generally speaking, this novel suggests Orwell#8217;s profound reflection of different patterns of totalitarianism. This novel not only reflects the real states of totalitarianism in modern society, but also predicts the development of it. This novel expresses the profound meditation of Orwell on many kinds of totalitarian states all over the world, and the thesis will focus on the critical thinking of Orwell on totalitarianism and his ideal political world. More importantly, the analysis also tries to find out the influences of Orwell#8217;s totalitarianism for all countries and manage to make the politics more democratic and humanitarian.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

Based on the life experiences of Orwell and social backgrounds at that time, this thesis will concentrate on the theme of Orwell#8217;s anti-totalitarianism in Animal Farm from different aspects, including the cultural backgrounds, influences for the contemporary and prospective societies. This thesis will focus on the early life experiences of the author that have important effects on the writing styles and the ideas of his works. In the meantime, I will pay attention to the works of other scholars and experts where analysis and evaluations to Orwell are covered. There are fewer studies on Orwell#8217;s works than the contemporary writers, although his acute conception on politics of Orwell is prophetic and make our temporary political leaders, government officials and ordinary civilians alert to stay in a state of democratic, free and humanitarian. More importantly, a large amount of studies on Orwell#8217;s works are so unilateral that one or two aspects of his novel have been noticed, and little studies has focused on the contemporary meanings and effects on today#8217;s society. Analysis on Orwell#8217;s anti-totalitarianism in Animal Farm must have studied several main points, including the social backgrounds at that time, the life experiences of the author, the cultural differences between different countries with distinctive system of government and the comparisons and contrasts to other writers at that time. To figure out the author#8217;s motivation of writing and his ideas underlay the novel, the evaluations and analysis on Orwell and his works have to be worked out. This thesis will be divided into five parts. The first part will introduce the story and the social backgrounds of Animal Farm and give a brief introduction of George Orwell. The second one is about analysis on totalitarianism in the fiction. It contains the expressions and explanations of totalitarianism and the main characters in the novel implied the idea of totalitarianism and the development of ideology in this fiction from the early stage of the new regime and the times after the consolidation of the regime. The third part is about the ideas of anti-totalitarianism of George Orwell, which contains the pursuit of Orwell#8217;s ideal political world and the influences of his ideas of anti-totalitarianism for our society at present and in the future. Then I will draw a conclusion of the thesis where the influences of Orwell#8217;s early life experiences to his writing styles and his political ideas. In the final part, some relative references will be given which help to give information and evidences that can be more easily convinced by others. Here are the outline of the theis. 1. Introduction: 1.1 A Brief Introduction of the Fiction 1.2 The Social Background of the Fiction 1.3 A Brief Introduction of George Orwell 2. Analysis on Totalitarianism in Animal Farm 2.1 A Brief Introduction of totalitarianism 2.2 Analysis on Main Characters of Animal Farm from the Perspective of Totalitarianism 2.3 Development of Ideology in Animal Farm 2.3.1 The early stage of the regime 2.3.2 After the consolidation of the regime 3. Anti-totalitarianism of George Orwell 3.1 The Pursuit of Orwell#8217;s Ideal Political World 3.2 Influences of Orwell#8217;s anti-totalitarianism 4. Conclusion 5. References

3. 国内外研究现状

The systematic studies on Orwell#8217;s works began in the period of Cold War when numerous scholars misunderstood Orwell as a writer against the communism for the sake of the hostile state between different political ideologies. Those studies at that time purely give a brief introduction of Orwell#8217;s biography and his works. Few researchers have studied the themes of Orwell#8217;s works, his motivations of writing, his writing styles and other issues. There are fewer studies on Orwell#8217;s works than the contemporary writers, although his acute conception on politics of Orwell is prophetic and make our temporary political leaders, government officials and ordinary civilians alert to stay in a state of democratic, free and humanitarian. More importantly, a large amount of studies on Orwell#8217;s works are so unilateral that one or two aspects of his novel have been noticed, and little studies has focused on the contemporary meanings and effects on today#8217;s society. Since the 1980s, studies on Orwell#8217;s works have been prosperous thanks to the popularity of the Chinese versions of Orwell#8217;s works. Although studies on Orwell#8217;s works have been increasingly booming, there are still some problems on that. Firstly, those studies pay more attention to some certain issues rather than look into Animal Farm in a comprehensive aspect. Most studies only take the themes of Orwell#8217;s writing into consideration and set his life experiences and social backgrounds aside. While more and more experts and scholars have noticed the problems. In recent years, the way to study the Orwell#8217;s works has been improved but little development and achievements have obtained. Secondly, studies on the traditional discourse weigh the studies on the influences and meanings to today#8217;s society. A larger amount of studies analyses the ideas of anti-totalitarianism, anti-utopia and anti-colonialism whereas the fashionable trend of awareness, like humanitarianism, ecologism and environmental protection have been paid less attention. At present, few scholars have combined the theme of totalitarianism with the writing style of allegory to analyze Aminal Farm, of which has newly meaningful explanations. The 20th century has become separated, the combination between figurative traditional composition way and abstract modern composition way has been disappeared. Whereas, the booming of allegory has been the result of the broken, falling truth of the 20th century. Based on the social background, the theme of anti-totalitarianism in Animal Farm has its own meanings for today#8217;s society.

4. 计划与进度安排

1.Looking up some relative reading materials, like Orwell#8217;s works, his biography to know Orwell and his ideas more comprehensively 2.Determining the ideas and meanings of the thesis that have positive effects on the society or human#8217;s life 3.Writing down an outline of the this thesis which contains five parts 4.Having a better understanding of Orwell#8217;s life experiences and the influences on his writing style and his ideas expressed by his works in a way of looking through rading materials which include others#8217; critics and appreciations to him 5.Composing the thesis based on the findings and conclusions of Orwell#8217;s ideas of Animal Farm 6.Reviewing the thesis and correcting the mistakes to make it more flexible and professional 7.Handing in the thesis to the tutor to get some useful suggestions and polishing this thesis

5. 参考文献

[1] Carl, Friedrich and Zbigniew, Brezezinski. Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy[M].New York: Praeger,1967. [2] Kumar, Kristhan.Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times.[M].London: Basil Blackwell,1987. [3] Meyers, Valefie. Macmillan Modern Novelists George Orwell: [M]. London: Macmillan Education Ltd.,1991. [4]Orwell, George. Animal Farm[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Press,2009 [5] Sandison, Alan. George Orwell Aider1984.[M].London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.,1986. [6] Stanskyard,Peter; Willia Abraham, Orwell: The Transformation.[M]. London: Granada Publishing Limited,1979. [7] 鲍东梅.小说《动物庄园》评析 [J].贵州工业大学学报,2008,10(1): 113-115. [8] 范祖承.试论权力体系对反叛的非统治精英的同化主题之比较[J].长春大学学报，2010,20（3）:64-66. [9] 顾准.民主及#8220;终极#8221;目的[A].贵州：贵州人民出版，1994 [10] 汉娜阿伦特.极权主义的起源[M].林骧华译.北京：三联书店，2008 [11] 马继红.极权世界中的孤独个体----论奥威尔的文学创作[D]吉林：吉林大学，2008. [12] 乔治奥威尔.我为什么要写作[M]. 董乐山译.上海:上海译文出版社,2007 [13] 潘一禾.小说中的政治世界[J].宁波大学学报,2008,21(2):30-36. [14] 苏绘泉《.动物庄园》和《1984》中极权统治方式分析[J].绥化学院学报,2008,28(2)：80-83. [15] 吴茂华.群中为何物------《读极权主义的起源》[M].北京:中国致公出版社,2009 [16] 徐键.《动物庄园》中的极权主义[J]，辽宁工程技术大学学报,2011第3期（3）：287-289

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